The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope specifically designed to conduct infrared astronomy. Its high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments allow it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This enables investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars and the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led Webb's design and development and partnered with two main agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, while the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University operates Webb. The primary contractor for the project was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.

Saturday, March 02, 2019

Media Jingoism in the Aftermath of India's Pulwama Response Totally Unwarranted


Who decided in the first place to send a convoy of 70 coaches with over 2,500 CRPF personnel from Jammu to Srinagar by road? When you know that the entire Kashmir area is militant-infested, then why was the movement of the convoy not meticulously planned? Why was the movement not kept secret and why was the convoy not broken into smaller units of 5-6 coaches each moving at intervals of 2-3 hours and escorted by armed security? How did a JeM operative ram his car into one of the coaches? How did he get access to 250 kgs of RDX/IED? Who abetted this operation? Since the start of insurgency in J&K in 1989, over 19,000 troops and civilians have become casualties. Is this necessarily a military and security issue or there are political connotations? Many agree that the ongoing strife in J&K is not just a security problem but has a deep political malaise.  Solving the problem at the political level perhaps offers the key to a solution for this vexed problem.

India’s response to the Pulwama attack has been swift, caliberated and appropriate. We cannot have a situation where we are perennial sitting ducks for fidayeens and jihadis. It's important to draw a line. India has waited too long for counter strike operations and our PM Modi has taken the right decision by sanctioning air strikes at JeM camps. The statements by PM Modi, the three services and the foreign office in India are sufficient proof that reprisal has been inflicted. The Opposition would do well not to immaturely ask for further proof. Satellite imagery proof will be given by the government at an appropriate time. This is no time to either gloat or question the attacks. The enemy is breathing down our necks and is planning more such attacks. We have to maintain constant vigilance and should keep our future strategy under wraps and not publicly reveal our gameplan.

The Pulwama attack which claimed the lives of 40 CRPF personnel shook the country because of the nature of the attack, a car bomb, and casualties of such a large scale at one go. India couldn’t take this lying down anymore and it had to show its resolve to fight JeM on its own soil. Despite evidence and dossiers given to the past Pakistan governments, only lip service has been given to dismantling the terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan. But that should not prevent us from accepting that there are sane voices also in the Pakistan establishment – within the military, government, media and civil society. India should aim to engage with these sane elements and one of them is the current Prime Minister of Pakistan – Imran Khan. If you hear Imran Khan’s address to the joint session of the Pakistani Parliament in the aftermath of the Indian air strike, what strikes out is that he is a man of vision, peace, and wants to pull his people out of poverty. That’s why he must be given a chance.

Imran wants peace not just with India, but within Pakistan and also in Afghanistan. In his words Pakistan did not immediately retaliate in the aftermath of the Indian air strikes because there was ‘no’ credible evidence that there were casualties. The sorties conducted into Indian space, in his words, were not an act of aggression but undertaken to show India that Pakistan too could take suitable action. That is why India should not push Pakistan into a corner where it is left with no choice but to retaliate. There is honesty in Imran’s eyes and in his words and tone. He says that he has reached out to Indian PM Modi a few times for talks but has not been given the necessary encouragement. PM Modi would do well to reciprocate this gesture by Imran and invite him to the talks table for negotiations.  Imran believes war achieves nothing--- both sides, the aggressor and the aggrieved—in the long run are the losers.

In this context it is important to reiterate that we should abide by the guiding principles of the constitution. That is equality, respect and equal treatment to all religions. While the BJP/NDA should be a centrist right of centre party with a focus on the majority, at the same time  it should protect the right of all Indians to profess and practice their religion. In this context it is heartening to note that Owaisi has said that the Indian Muslims feels safe in India and that Pakistan should not worry about the fate of Indian Muslims. At a rally some time back, he emphasised that India is their country by choice and Indian Muslims consider India very much their soil and their land. The government should create conditions where more leaders in the minority populace feel convinced about this line of thinking. If Owaisi is comfortable saying ‘Jai Hind’ and not ‘Bharat Mata ki Jai’ we should not create a ruckus about this and not get entangled in unnecessities.

REIGNING IN INDIAN MEDIA: In all this major drama over the past 2-3 weeks, one stark thing has come out. The hijacking of the national/government agenda by the Indian media—especially TV. Reporting live and in real time the military developments followed by debates and discussions is revealing your game plan and strategy to the enemy. Out of turn comments by members of the ruling Indian establishment further complicated situations. Irresponsible postings, forwardings and comments on the social media created a lot of confusion and revealed the soft underbelly of the Indian state. The government would do well to spell out a policy of reporting by the media in times of war or insurgency and should strictly direct the media to do its stated job---reporting and not analysis or commentary or strategy which is the responsibility of the government. The government in consultation with experts must immediately come out with norms for reporting during crisis times for the print, electronic media as also the social media. Unnecessary war mongering and jingoism by the media could prove detrimental for the interest of the country.

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