The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope specifically designed to conduct infrared astronomy. Its high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments allow it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This enables investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars and the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led Webb's design and development and partnered with two main agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, while the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University operates Webb. The primary contractor for the project was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.

Sunday, July 29, 2018

India is Doing Good! Here's Why Humble and Accommodating Modi Deserves Another 5-Year Term



Of all the Indian leaders, Modi is the tallest and the most effective as on date. Overall, the economy has done well. Apart from some stark aberrations in some cases of internal security matters, Modi has done remarkably well in giving the common man a sense of security. So for another 5 years, India is safe in Modi’s hands. Here are some of his major achievements (assorted sources).

·         Six Dedicated Freight Corridors of 9,485 Kms length completed and started.

·         15 New proposed & approved Rail Links of 4,440 Km length started & completed.

·         486 Civil Enclaves start functioning as RCS Airports for Regional Connectivity.

·         Work on proposed additional 31 Airports, in addition to existing 134 Airports (International + Domestic) get started & completed.

·         Work on 15,945 MW Hydro Electric Power projects in J&K & in the North-East completed.

·         7 Major Bridges & 5 Major Tunnels in J&K & in the North-East completed.

·         175 GW Renewable Energy (Solar + Wind) planned by 2022. (In 2014, there was 32 GW capacity only!)

·         Nuclear Reactors of 53,880 MW Capacity are Installed in a timely manner! (In 2014, there was 4,780 MW Installed Capacity only!)

·         Major Projects like "Mumbai Trans Harbour Link", "Statue of Unity", "Shivaji Memorial", "Setusamudram Project" to be completed in a timely manner.

·         31 New Metro Projects (under construction, approved & proposed) across India are either completed or started. (Till 2014 there were only 6 Metro Projects in India!)

·         Work on proposed 7 New IITs, 7 New IIMs, 7 New IIITs & 12 New AIIMS is systematically started.

·         Projects like River Linking, Ganga Cleaning, River Waterways, River Freight Corridor, Smart Cities, among others are initiated.

·         Bharatmala Project (44 Economic Corridors, 66 Inter-Corridors & 116 feeder-routes, 6-8 laning of 5K NH, 3,300 Km of Border Roads, 2,000 Km to connect Inter-nation Routes) is completed in a timely manner!

·         Sagarmala Project (6 New proposed Mega Ports & 415 related small projects) are completed in a Timely manner (Presently there are 12 Major Ports in India)

·         Big Ticket Defence Deals i.e S-400, Additional 36-Rafale, 114 MMRCA-2, 201 Tejas MK-II, 6 SSN Nuclear Subs, IAF-2, 6 Project 75I Subs, 4 MRSV, AMCA, FGCA, among others are closed & completed in a timely manner!

·         Road construction is faster than it was earlier. There has been a change in methodology of counting road length, but even factoring that in, it seems to be faster.

·         Electricity connection increased – all villages electrified and people getting electricity for more hours. The number of hours people get electricity has increased ever since independence, but we might have seen a larger increase during BJP.

·         Upper level corruption has reduced – no huge cases at the ministerial level as of now (but the same was true of UPA I). At the lower level, things seems to be about the same, with increased amounts; no one seems to be able to control the thanedar, patwari et al.

·         The Swachh Bharat Mission is a definite success – more toilets built than before and swachhta is something embedded in people’s minds now.

·         The Ujjwala Yojana is a great initiative, though how many people buy the second cylinder remains to be seen. The first one and a stove was free, but now people need to pay for it. The cost of cylinders has almost doubled since the government took over, and now one costs more than Rs 800.

·         Connectivity for the North East has undoubtedly increased. More trains, roads, flights and most importantly – the region is now discussed in the mainstream news channels.

·         Law and order is reportedly better than it was under regional parties.

·         Banned tripple Talak

·         Foreign policy has been among the top Modi achievements.

·         Under the leadership of previous prime ministers, India was considered to be a defensive country with its focus on maintaining peace. Narendra Modi has shown a more aggressive way to deal with sensitive issues. Incidents like surgical strikes in Pak occupied Kashmir and destroying Pakistan bases give us a glimpse of it.

·         India has come a long way in securing the internal parts from jihadi terrorists. Over the last few years, there has been a big crackdown on the number of terrorists caught by the security forces and a lot of plans have been derailed. Communal violence has come down to a significant level and finally, the country can look forward to focus on mainstream issues

·         Make in India & Digital India

·         A government with a clean Image

·         Goods and Services Tax, termed as the biggest tax revolution since independence has finally been implemented.

·         Pradhan Mantri Ujwala Yojna has been one of the most appreciated schemes by the current government.

·         Modi government scrapped the planning commission and introduced Niti Aayog, which promises equal power to the states on matters of planning.

·         Improved tourism industry & tourism friendly environment.


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