The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope specifically designed to conduct infrared astronomy. Its high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments allow it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This enables investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars and the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led Webb's design and development and partnered with two main agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, while the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University operates Webb. The primary contractor for the project was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.

Sunday, July 23, 2023

Even Now, with its Current Assets, this is How India Can be Recognized as a Semi-Developed Nation!


A developed nation is one where the public infrastructure is fairly good, national governance is based on transparency, accountability, and efficient delivery of public services, where important institutions enjoy a fair degree of autonomy, where the human development indices have a good rating, where there is honesty in public and private dealings, thus leaving little room for corruption.

Good administrative and managerial processes, efficiency and effectiveness of the government machinery at both the state and national levels, and public service methods adopted with a pure conscience, are all hallmarks of a developed nation. With its current assets in public and private infrastructure, India can easily be counted as a semi-developed nation, if it takes the following steps:

  • Governance, starting from the highest levels, must be based on national and public interest. There must be honesty, good work ethics, and public-centricity in services' delivery.
  • Government and public infrastructure must be well maintained, like the exterior and interior of buildings, the parks, the roads, sewage, electricity distribution, water supply, afforestation, and so on.
  • We have built great roads. What is needed is managing the traffic and ensuring speed discipline, enforcement of traffic rules, provisions for ambulances and police security, and public services on expressways and highways.
  • Trains, city and inter-state buses, and passenger jets must be maintained well, and the schedule of departure and arrival times time must be maintained so as not to inconvenience the passengers.
  • Hundreds of new hospitals have been built. They must be maintained well with all the necessary medical equipment, and shortfal in medical and support staff must be quickly filled.
  • People should be taught civic sense and this must be enforced, like not spitting, not urinating, or not easing oneself in public, not spitting paan and gutka on the walls of the buildings, and so on.
  • A law covering the entire country must be passed for the protection of public and private assets, punishment for defacement, damage or misuse of public property during riots, protests and rallies.
  • Thousands of universities, colleges and schools have come up. Cutting-edge research must be undertaken, strictness on attendance of students and the teaching process, and ensuring cheating-free exams.
  • Ensure Good law and order situation throughout the country. Police must be left to do its primary duty. In private housing societies, gated colonies, villages, cities, and towns, policing should be improved. 
  • We are not short of research laboratories. What is needed is that scientists must translate fundamental research into applied research and technological innovations.
  • The Indian public must be encouraged to eat right and light, they must be encouraged to undertake physical exercises, and there must be provisions for mental health and family support care.
  • The migration of lakhs of Indian people to other countries is not a good sign. People must be assured that their interests and wealth will be protected, and they won’t be persecuted unnecessarily.  
  • Most importantly, citizens must be made aware that they must exercise their fundamental rights with care and responsibility, and that they must also discharge their duties with a sense of ownership.

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