The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope specifically designed to conduct infrared astronomy. Its high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments allow it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This enables investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars and the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led Webb's design and development and partnered with two main agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, while the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University operates Webb. The primary contractor for the project was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.

Saturday, January 07, 2012

Mitt Romney's Mormon Faith Has Striking Similarities To Hinduism! On India's Nuclear Triad


Republican Mitt Romney most likely to be next US President

Mitt Romney goes into Iowa Caucus stronger than ever, looking more presidential. Mitt Romney knows how to find common ground with others, compromise and get his programmes through. Romney goes into Iowa leading the polls. The last poll, on the eve of Iowa, shows Romney with 24 per cent of likely caucus goers. Ron Paul, the libertarian Texan has 22 per cent and making a surprise showing as the new Conservative Evangelical wing's choice is former Pennsylvania senator Rick Santorum with 15 per cent. This is a year all about beating Obama. Republicans and many independents (who have joined the Tea Party in droves) are scared of another four years of Obama. Four years as a lame duck, devil may care, I plan to leave America in my image as an EU satellite state, with massive social change, entitlement spending, socialised medicine, whether they want-it-or-not.

Republicans are slowly realising that and will probably come around quicker than expected. If Romney wins Iowa, and then backs that up with a win in New Hampshire --where he is a local boy and stands at 40 per cent in some polls, that will give him a strong out-of-the-gate showing. Even if he comes in second or third in Iowa, a win in New Hampshire will still give him a strong start. However, they state, 'we felt compelled to make an endorsement in light of a counter-productive effort to stop Mitt Romney among some disparate elements on the right--often based on a religious intolerance of Mr. Romney's Mormon faith. We also think the notion that the Tea Party will support a 3rd party candidate after Mitt Romney becomes the Republican nominee, a notion most often advanced by the mainstream media, must be discredited.' 

They believe that the 'only way to defeat President Obama, whose policies are an anathema to conservatism and the Tea Party Movement, is to rally around his strongest opponent - Mitt Romney.' The Republican operatives who created Tea Party Express, the leading political action committee of the tea party movement, recently launched a separate PAC called the Campaign to Defeat Barack Obama. By creating the independent group, the organizers can raise more money and be a stronger force in the upcoming presidential race. The new group has the ambitious goal of organizing 1 million people against the president through television ads, online petitions and grass-roots events. More than 46,000 people have signed the group’s online petition “to defeat Barack Obama” since January. “We want to be the aggressive, independent group that goes after him and stands up to the Obama campaign,” said Ryan Gill, the PAC’s vice president.

Romney views India as potentially profitable for U.S. marketing and investment, due to its flourishing economy and huge population. Romney said in 2005 that although outsourcing to countries like India is a problem, “we'll see new opportunities created selling products there. We'll have a net increase in economic activity, just as we did with free trade.” Mitt Romney is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, members of which are commonly known as Mormons or LDS (Latter-day Saint). In addition to missionary work in France in the 1960s under the tutelage of Wesley L. Pipes, Romney has served as a bishop, and has also been a stake president in his church. In accordance with LDS doctrine, as bishops and stake presidents are lay positions in his church, Romney received no compensation or money for his years of service in those positions. 

Also in accordance to his religious beliefs, Romney abstains from alcohol and smoking. Romney has expressed his faith in Jesus Christ as his "Lord and Savior" openly to evangelical Christian groups. He has received support from evangelical Christians. Mitt Romney's delivered his "Faith in America" speech on December 6, 2007. Romney's campaign billed the speech as extolling American freedom of worship while helping to satisfy public curiosity about how Romney's strain of religious devotion would inform presidential governance. Romney's speech gave primacy to the American Constitutional right of religious liberty, which produces cultural diversity and vibrancy of dialog. He called for public acknowledgments of God such as within Holidays religious displays. Romney said, "Freedom requires religion just as religion requires freedom." 

He cited a religious nature to historic abolitionists' campaigns, the campaign for American Civil Rights, and the contemporary campaign for the Right to Life. Romney advocated maintenance of a separation of Church and State, stating that he, as president, would decline directives from churches' hierarchies, including that of the LDS church. Romney said while there are those who would prefer he indicated he holds his LDS faith merely as a tradition, actually he believes in his faith and tries to live according to its teachings, and while sacraments and confession of Romney's "church's beliefs about Christ may not all be the same as those of other faiths," he still holds Christ "the Son of God and Savior of mankind." Romney declined to address further the specifics of his Mormonism, implying that any compulsion to do so would counter the Constitutional prohibition of a religion test for political office.

The similarities between Hinduism and Mormonism are less apparent, being on the level of abstract theology and worldview, but are all the more remarkable. For example, the Hindu idea of karma and reincarnation is similar to Mormonism, with its doctrine of pre-existence and eternal progression. In both cases you have lived a previous life, and your station in this life depends on how good you were in the previous life. Thus, Mormons could traditionally look upon dark skin as a sign of pre-life sinfulness. Also in both cases, this life is not the end-all, and does not result in a permanent judgment. Mormons teach that you will have continual future chances to get close to God, just as Hindus believe that you will have many future lives to pursue your oneness with Brahman.

Mormonism and Hinduism also share a materialistic view of the spiritual realm. In Mormonism, it is based on the idea of a material God, a God who has a physical body. If God is a material being, the question then arises, who created the material, how did the material get here if God himself is material? The implication is that the material already existed. This is just like Hinduism, which says plainly that the universe is eternal and uncreated. Mormonism also teaches that in your future lives, you yourself can become a god. This is again similar to Hinduism, which also says that in your future lives, you can become a god.

Like Hinduism, Mormonism is a make-it-up-as-you-go religion, which can change to fit whatever new circumstances it finds itself in. Hinduism can do this because it lacks any foundational, authoritative teacher or theology, and brazenly absorbs any religious challenge it faces (such as proclaiming the Buddha to be an incarnation of Vishnu, or that Jesus learned his miracles from the gurus of India).


India’s nuclear triad to counter first-strike attack

India will take a big step towards achieving a credible nuclear weapon triad in February when its first indigenous nuclear submarine INS Arihant begins sea trials off Visakhapatnam. The "sea-acceptance trials'' (SATS) of INS Arihant are slated to begin "towards end-February'' after the completion of its ongoing harbour-acceptance trials (HATS). With INS Arihant's induction, India for the first time will brandish the most effective third leg of the nuclear triad - the ability to fire nukes from land, air and sea. The first two legs revolve around the Agni family of ballistic missiles and fighters like Sukhoi-30MKIs and Mirage-2000s jury-rigged to deliver nuclear warheads. Only the Big-5 has nuclear triads till now, with a total of over 140 nuclear-powered submarines. America leads the pack with 71, followed by Russia with about 40, while China, the UK and France have around 10-12 each.
 
A nuclear triad refers to a nuclear arsenal which consists of three components, traditionally strategic bombers, ICBMs and SLBMs. The purpose of having a three-branched nuclear capability is to significantly reduce the possibility that an enemy could destroy all of a nation's nuclear forces in a first-strike attack; this, in turn, ensures a credible threat of a second strike, and thus increases a nation's nuclear deterrence. While traditional nuclear strategy holds that a nuclear triad provides the best level of deterrence from attack, in reality, most nuclear powers do not have the military budget to sustain a full triad. Only the United States and Russia have maintained nuclear triads for most of the nuclear age. Both the US and the Soviet Union composed their triads along the same lines, including the following components: Bomber aircraft capable of delivering nuclear bombs (carrier-based or land-based; armed with bombs or missiles); Land-based missiles (MRBMs or ICBMs) and Ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs). The triad also gives the commander the possibility to use different types of weapons for the appropriate strike.

ICBMs allow for a long-range strike launched from a controlled or friendly environment. If launched from a fixed position, such as a missile silo, they are vulnerable to a first strike, though their interception once aloft is substantially difficult, Some ICBMs are either rail or road mobile. SLBMs, launched from submarines, allow for a greater chance of survival from a first strike, giving the commander a second-strike capability. Some long-range submarine-launched cruise missiles are counted towards triad status, this was the first type of submarine-launched strategic second-strike nuclear weapon before ballistic missile submarines became available. Strategic bombers have greater flexibility in their deployment and weaponry. They can serve as both a first- and second-strike weapon.

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